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7th century CE
Rashidun
The first Islamic caliphate absorbed Syria within a generation, largely preserving existing cities and administration.
Period: Early Islamic · 636–1171 CE
Major historical events
- 630s CEVerified historical fact
Syrian cities pass to Muslim rule after a short series of campaigns.
Architecture
Early adaptation of churches and civic buildings for congregational prayer.
Religion, culture and daily life
Arabic enters administration alongside Greek and Aramaic.
Trade
Existing Roman-Byzantine road and market networks continue in use.
Archaeological discoveries
- Early Islamic layers under Damascus and Homs mosques
Key places in Syria (1)